Open Data Inventory (ODIN)

Country Profile

55
ODIN SCORE
Vietnam
80th GLOBAL RANK
OUT OF 195 		50 COVERAGE SCORE
OUT OF 100 		58 OPENNESS SCORE
OUT OF 100

Summary of Results

The Open Data Inventory (ODIN) measures how complete a country’s statistical offerings are and whether their data meet international standards of openness. Vietnam ranks 80th in the Open Data Inventory 2022 with an overall score of 55. The overall score is a combination of a data coverage subscore of 50 and a data openness subscore of 58.

The following tables show the coverage and openness scores for each data category. For more detailed information, view the Coverage and Openness tabs.

Rankings

 Coverage Openness Overall
Global
OUT OF 195		 81st 81st 80th
South-Eastern Asia
OUT OF 11		 6th 6th 6th

Category Scores

Data Category Coverage Openness    Overall   
Population and vital statistics 40 50 45
Education facilities 50 70 60
Education outcomes 0 70 35
Health facilities 40 70 55
Health outcomes 40 70 55
Reproductive health 50 50 50
Food security and nutrition 38 70 56
Gender statistics 30 40 35
Crime and justice 0 0 0
Poverty and income 60 70 65
Social Statistics subscore 35 56 45
National accounts 38 70 56
Labor 60 50 55
Price indexes 50 70 61
Government finance 63 70 67
Money and banking 50 60 56
International trade 100 60 75
Balance of payments 100 60 75
Economic Statistics subscore 63 63 63
Agriculture and land use 60 50 55
Resource use 88 70 78
Energy 50 60 56
Pollution 38 60 50
Built environment 50 40 45
Environment subscore 57 56 57
All Categories 50 58 55
Last updated: August 9, 2023

Coverage

The Open Data Inventory (ODIN) assesses coverage based on five coverage elements described below. Each category receives a coverage score based on the amount of data available in that category. Average scores across all categories are shown in the chart below.

In general, coverage scores are based on the availability of disaggregated indicators, how many observations are available over the last 10 years, and whether national and subnational data exist.

Indicators Not Published

Indicators are considered not published when no qualifying and disaggregated data are found. Not all indicators are required for full credit in every category.

100%
Number of Categories That Score 0

Categories that score 0 do not publish the minimum amount of data to receive a score. For most categories, the minimum amount of data is one indicator. There are 22 categories.

1
ODIN-Gender Data Index (OGDI) Score

OGDI is a sub-index of ODIN, which measures the availability and openness of 35 indicators that should be sex-disaggregated or apply only to women and girls. Click the score to learn more.

 45

Coverage Element Scores, 2022

Coverage Elements

Click to see a description of each coverage element. Scoring criteria for each can be found in the Methodology Guide on the page that corresponds to the coverage element. Element scores are given for each category. The chart above shows average scores across all categories.

Indicator availability
This coverage element measures how many indicators and disaggregations are published within a category at the national (country level). Each data category has its own requirements discussed further in the Methodology Guide.
Data Available the Last 5 Years
This coverage element measures how many of the last 5 years of data are available for indicators within each category. Each indicator is evaluated using the longest available time series from a single dataset, without combining years from different datasets.
Data Available the Last 10 Years
This coverage element measures how many of the last 10 years of data are available for indicators within each category. Each indicator is evaluated using the longest available time series from a single dataset, without combining years from different datasets.
Data Available for Subnational Level 1
This coverage element measures whether data are available for subnational level 1 within each category. Subnational level 1 in a country is defined by the ISO 3166-2 standard and adjusted for country practices. Not all categories or indicators are required to be published data at this level and many environmental and economic indicators are exempt from scoring.
Data Available for Subnational Level 2
This coverage element measures whether data are available at the second administrative level within each category. Second administrative levels are not defined and any further division of first administrative levels are accepted. Not all categories or indicators are required to be published at this level.

Openness

The Open Data Inventory (ODIN) assesses openness based on five elements described below. Each category receives an openness score based on the openness of data available in that category. Average scores across all categories are shown in the chart below.

In general, openness scores are based on the format and licensing of the datasets, the comprehensiveness of metadata, and what download options exist.

Data License/Terms of Use

The licensing or terms of use that govern the use and reuse of data assessed in ODIN are classified as Open, Some Restrictions, Not Open, or Not Available (if no license is found). Licensing information shown below is for data found on the website of the national statistics office and data portals used in their assessment, if applicable.

NSO Website

General Statistics Office

Not Available

Openness Element Scores, 2022

Openness Elements

Click to see description of each openness element. Scoring criteria for each can be found in the Methodology Guide on the page that corresponds to the openness element. Element scores are given for each category. The chart above shows average scores across all categories.

Machine Readability
This openness element measures whether data are made available in machine readable formats. Machine readable file formats allow users to easily process data using a computer. Common machine readable formats include XLS, XLSX, CSV, and JSON files.
Nonproprietary Format
This openness element measures whether data are made available in nonproprietary formats. Nonproprietary file formats are important because they allow users to access data without requiring the use of a costly, proprietary software that may prevent some users from accessing the data. Common nonproprietary formats include PDF, HTML, XLSX, DOCX, CSV, and JSON files.
Metadata Availability
This openness element measures whether metadata are available for the published indicators. Metadata must be located in or near the data file or on a designated metadata section of the website. ODIN looks for three aspects of metadata: (1) definition of indicator; (2) date of upload; and (3) Source agency.
Download Options
This openness element measures whether download options are available. ODIN looks for three download options: (1) bulk download (at the indicator level), (2) API, and (3) user-select download (custom downloads). Options 2 and 3 are interchangeable for scoring purposes.
Data license/Terms of use
This openness element measures whether data are made available under an open license. Open licenses must allow the use, reuse, and sharing or adaption of data for commercial and noncommercial use without any obligation other than attribution, per the Open Definition. Licenses prohibiting commercial use or having two or more additional stipulations are classified as “Not Open”. Licenses with no more than one additional stipulation are classified as “Some Restrictions.” Licenses that do not explicitly state all allowed uses under the Open Definition and do not include restrictive language are also classified as “Some Restrictions.”

ODIN Indicators

The Open Data Inventory (ODIN) 2022/23 assesses data for 65 representative indicators in 22 data categories. The ODIN indicators are not meant to be a comprehensive list of all indicators produced by a country, but rather an indicative sample of the fundamental types of data produced by countries.

The table below shows a list of all ODIN indicators, whether qualifying data were found, and information about the coverage and openness criteria for each dataset. To qualify, a dataset must be published on the NSO website or an official government website linked from the NSO website. It must show national level data, have one of the required categorical disaggregations (if applicable), and present data from the last 10 years.

Not all indicators are required for full credit. More information about this can be found in our Methodology Guide.

ODIN 2022 Indicator List

Recommendations

Every country can improve their open data and ODIN scores can help identify gaps where improvements should be focused. The following recommendations may involve not only the national statistics office, but the entire national statistical system.

If you would like to learn more about how to implement these recommendations, please visit our Technical Assistance page to schedule a meeting

1) Publish more sex-disaggregated data

8 ODIN indicators were not published with sex-disaggregation. Sex-disaggregated data are important to reflect the realities of men and women in various policy areas and narrow gender inequalities. Below is a table of the ODIN indicators where no sex-disaggregated data could be found on the NSO website or any official national website that is linked from the NSO website.

ODIN Indicator with no sex-disaggregation Published
(1.1) Population data
(2.2) Number of teaching staff
(3.1) Enrollment rate
(5.1) Immunization rate
(6.2) Infant mortality rate or neonatal mortality rate
(7.1) Prevalence of undernourishment
(9.1) Homicide rate
(12.1) Employment rate

2) Adopt an open data license for the NSO website

No data license or terms of use for data on the website that indicates how data can be used was found. Adopting an open license is a core component of the definition of open data. Data cannot be open unless they are licensed for reuse. An open data license is an opportunity for governments to encourage public use of their data by specifically addressing how people can use data, how they should attribute data, and what types of use, if any, are prohibited. These specifics encourage use and reuse of data by alleviating user concerns about legal ramifications of unapproved use. Please reference the Best Practices section of the Methodology Guide for examples from other countries and reach out to Open Data Watch for advice. Below is a table with the name of the NSO and website where a data license or terms of use for data could not be found.

NSO Name Website
General Statistics Office https://www.gso.gov.vn

Country Context

To understand a country’s commitment to open data, it is important to look at ODIN scores in context. The information below includes assessments of the country’s statistical capacity, links to relevant laws, and comparative measures of the country’s performance on other measures of data coverage, openness, and government transparency.

Statistical Performance Indicators

The World Bank’s Statistical Performance Indicators measure the capacity and maturity of national statistical systems by assessing the use of data, the quality of services, the coverage of topics, the sources of information, and the infrastructure and availability of resources. The goal is to improve development outcomes and track progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.

Overall Score
66%
Data Use Score
100%
Data Services Score
64%
Data Products Score
55%
Data Sources Score
76%
Data Infrastructure Score
35%

Global Data Barometer

The Global Data Barometer is a project of the Data for Development Network that aims to measure the state of data in relation to urgent societal issues. It seeks to appraise data availability, governance, capability and use around the world to help shape data infrastructures that limit risks and harms in climate action, company information, health and COVID-19, land, political integrity, public finance and public procurement.

Overall Score
33%
Governance Score
41%
Capability Score
42%
Availability Score
25%
Use and Impact Score
18%

Legal Framework

To be sustainable, open data initiatives must be supported by a strong legal framework. Below are some of the more common national laws that should work in coordination with open data policies and data licenses.

Statistical Law Statistical Law (link)
Right to Information Law Law on Access to Information (link)
Copyright Law Law No. 36/2009/QH12 of June 19, 2009, amending and supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on Intellectual Property (link)

Data Commitments

National Data Strategy

National data strategies or National Strategies for the Development of Statistics (NSDS) provide a country with a strategy for developing statistical capacity across the entire national statistical system (NSS). It presents the statistics office’s priorities for the next 5-10 years.

Read the Vietnam Statistical Development Strategy 2011-20 for Vietnam.

IMF Standards for Data Dissemination

Data dissemination standards enhance the availability of timely and comprehensive statistics, which contributes to sound macroeconomic policies and the efficient functioning of financial markets.

Vietnam is an e-GDDS Subscriber.

Open Data Charter (ODC)

The ODC is a collaboration between over 100 governments and organisations working to open up data based on a shared set of seven principles.

Vietnam has not adopted the charter.

Open Government Partnership (OGP)

OGP is a multilateral initiative that aims to secure concrete commitments from national and subnational governments to promote open government, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance.

Vietnam is not a participant.

Index Comparison

Click on the index name on the vertical axis to view the country data from the managing organization’s website.

All scores have been converted to a 100 point scale.